Magazine Features > Building Blocks of Life
Stem cells are the building blocks of life. Umbilical cord blood stem cells are widely used as a replacement for bone marrow transplants in cancers.
he umbilical cord’s stem cells have also been used in a range of other blood and metabolic diseases.

There is of course only a small chance that your child might become sick and require stem cell therapy and in that event it is possible you will be able to get a match from unrelated sources.

That is why the NHS offers the chance for some Parents to donate their cord blood in a small number of hospitals. The evidence for umbilical cord blood transplants vs bone marrow transplants is encouraging and leading to a preferred treatment with umbilical cord blood stem cells.

Perfectly Matched
However not everyone can get a match and that is why the other option is available for expectant parents to store their own child’s cord blood stem cells for the family use. The advantage of storing your child’s cord blood is that it is a perfectly matched source of stem cells which will be available exclusively for your own use and most importantly it will be available quickly. It also has a 1 in 4 chance of being a perfect match to a sibling.

This is important because some diseases are genetic and reinserting stem cells with a predisposition is not advisable by Physicians. However the availability of a sibling, both in terms of the speed of getting the sample and the highly increased levels of match are a real alternative option to relying on donated samples.

What are Stem Cells?
Stem cells are a unique type of growth cell. They are unspecialised early cells that can grow into specific cells that make up our tissues, bodies and vital organs.

There are five main sources where stem cells have been isolated from: Embryo, Foetal liver and spleen, Cord blood, Bone marrow, Peripheral blood.

Umbilical cord blood stem cells are a type of adult stem cell. However compared to other adult stem cells these cells are more flexible and proliferate better because they are pure and naive. Umbilical cord blood stem cells are easy to collect with no ethical issues.

About the Umbilical Cord
Umbilical cord blood is a rich source of stem cells. There are two types of stem cells in the cord blood:

No.1: Haematopoietic Stem Cell (HSC)
these form all the types of cell in the blood especially cells of the immune system
No.2: Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC)
Also found in bone marrow, they form tissues such as bone, cartilage and tendon.

Haematopoietic stem cells contain markers like CD34+, HSC forms blood cells and the immune system are the main use of umbilical cord blood transplants in diseases like leukaemia. Mesenchymal stem cells are in development for use in regenerative medicine to treat a range of diseases including heart diseases.

 

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